CentOS7上YUM安装MySQL5.7

1、配置YUM源

在MySQL官网中下载YUM源rpm安装包：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

找到以下源,并下载安装

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (Architecture Independent), RPM Package		25.1K	
Download
(mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm)

下载MySQL源安装包

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

安装MySQL源

yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

2、安装MySQL

yum install mysql-community-server

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========================================================================================
 Package                        Arch      Version            Repository            Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-community-libs           x86_64    5.7.20-1.el7       mysql57-community    2.1 M
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
 mysql-community-libs-compat    x86_64    5.7.20-1.el7       mysql57-community    2.0 M
     replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
 mysql-community-server         x86_64    5.7.20-1.el7       mysql57-community    164 M
Installing for dependencies:
 libaio                         x86_64    0.3.109-13.el7     base                  24 k
 mysql-community-client         x86_64    5.7.20-1.el7       mysql57-community     24 M
 mysql-community-common         x86_64    5.7.20-1.el7       mysql57-community    272 k

Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+3 Dependent packages)

3、启动MySQL服务

systemctl start mysqld

查看MySQL的启动状态

systemctl status mysqld

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● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-12-26 21:35:32 CST; 51s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 9907 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 9833 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 9910 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─9910 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Dec 26 21:35:26 ecs-mall systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Dec 26 21:35:32 ecs-mall systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

4、开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld

systemctl daemon-reload

5、修改root本地登录密码

mysql安装完成之后，在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。通过下面的方式找到root默认密码，然后登录mysql进行修改：

找到密码：

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

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grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-12-26T13:35:28.432260Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lLeNXPJaR3=D

登录Mysql:

mysql -uroot -p

输入上面找到的随机密码后，修改密码：

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyNewPass4!');

注意：mysql5.7默认安装了密码安全检查插件（validate_password），默认密码检查策略要求密码必须包含：大小写字母、数字和特殊符号，并且长度不能少于8位。否则会提示ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements错误

通过msyql环境变量可以查看密码策略的相关信息：

mysql> show variables like '%password%';

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+---------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                         | Value  |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
| default_password_lifetime             | 0      |
| disconnect_on_expired_password        | ON     |
| log_builtin_as_identified_by_password | OFF    |
| mysql_native_password_proxy_users     | OFF    |
| old_passwords                         | 0      |
| report_password                       |        |
| sha256_password_proxy_users           | OFF    |
| validate_password_check_user_name     | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file     |        |
| validate_password_length              | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count    | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count        | 1      |
| validate_password_policy              | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count  | 1      |
+---------------------------------------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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validate_password_policy：密码策略，默认为MEDIUM策略 
validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要 
validate_password_length：密码最少长度 
validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个 
validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个 
validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个

上述参数是默认策略MEDIUM的密码检查规则。

共有以下几种密码策略：

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策略	检查规则
0 or LOW	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

MySQL官网密码策略详细说明：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/validate-password-options-variables.html#sysvar_validate_password_policy

修改密码策略

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在/etc/my.cnf文件添加validate_password_policy配置，指定密码策略
# 选择0（LOW），1（MEDIUM），2（STRONG）其中一种，选择2需要提供密码字典文件
validate_password_policy=0

如果不需要密码策略，添加my.cnf文件中添加如下配置禁用即可：

validate_password = off

重新启动mysql服务使配置生效：

systemctl restart mysqld

6、添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须修改root允许远程连接：

授权方式：

例如，你想root使用123456从任何主机连接到mysql服务器。

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mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql>FLUSH RIVILEGES

如果你想允许用户jack从ip为10.10.50.127的主机连接到mysql服务器，并使用654321作为密码:

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 mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'jack'@’10.10.50.127’ IDENTIFIED BY '654321' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql>FLUSH RIVILEGES

或者添加一个允许远程连接的帐户，为了安全起见，我添加一个新的帐户

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mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'yangxin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Yangxin0917!' WITH GRANT OPTION;

7、配置默认编码为utf8

修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件，在[mysqld]下添加编码配置，如下所示：

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[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

重新启动mysql服务，查看数据库默认编码如下所示：

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mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

默认配置文件路径

配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
日志文件：/var/log//var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135288.htm